Simone
祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。
祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用句号结尾。
祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾，也可以不用语气词。
祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。
表示命令的祈使句
例如：“保持肃静！”；“起立！”
表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。
例如：“请等我一会。”
表示禁止的句式有：“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……” 等。
例如 ：「此处不准停车 ！」
表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。
例如：「请勿在车厢内饮食。」一、 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需要得到回答.
反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分 和疑问部分 (疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分用逗号隔开.
反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如 :
You are a student , aren't you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
You are not a student, are you ? 你不是学生,对吗?
应当注意反意疑问句的答语, 与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句. 例如: -----You are a student, are you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
----- Yes, I am . ( No, I am not ) 是的, 我是. (不是,我不是 . )
------- You are not a student, are you ? 你不是一个学生,对吗?
------- No, I am not .( Yes, I am ) 对,我不是. ( 不对, 我是 . )
当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是 当主句有I ( don't) believe ( think , suppose , guess ... )疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的否定.例如: I don't think he will come , will he ? 我想他不会回来,对吧?
I think he can swim , can't he ? 我想他能游泳,对吧 ?
练习题
填词完成反意疑问句
1. He wouldn't wait in line the next day ,______ ?
2. She has been learning English , _________ ?
3. We can't take the books out ,________ ?
4. He has to go home on foot , ________ ?
5. You haven't had your lunch ________ ?
6.We have nothing to eat , ________ ?
7.They dislike the book ,________ ?
8. There used to be a post office in the street ,________ ?
9. He said that he would not go with us ,________ ?
10.We must hand in the exercises , ________ ?
11.You dare to jump off the wall ,________ ?
12. He made a few mistakes in his exercises , ________ ?
13 She must be a music lover ,________ ?
14.I suppose you know her address ,________ ?
15. I don't think you 're serious , ________ ?
16.Let us do the jobs by ourselves ,________ ?
17. -----He used not to smoke , usedn't he ?
----- _____,he used to . The doctor always tole him not to .
18. Do the homework by yourselves , ________ ?
19 Let's enter the hall ,________ ?
20 .You must have seen him yesterday ,________ ?
答案
1. would he 2.hasn't she 3.can we 4.doesn't he 5.have you 6.have we 7.don't they 8. usedn't there 9.didn't he 10.mustn't we 11.don' t you 12.didn't he 13.isn't she 14.don't you 15.are you 16.will you 17.Yes 18.will you 19.will you 20.didn't
二、祁使句
祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English .
2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ?
4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ?
5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6）带呼语的祈使句 ， 如： Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7）不让对方做某事, 英语用 " Don't " . 例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话.
Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
练习题
翻译下列各句
1.咱们一起玩吧!
2.请不要迟到.
3.回答这个问题.
4.我来打开窗户好吗?
5.你和我们一起去好吗?
答案
1. Let's play together!
2.Don't be late.
3.Answer this question.
4.Shall I open the window ?
5.Will you go with us ?
三、强调句
强调句式用来加强语气,强调结构为: It is ( was ) ...(强调部分) that ( who ) ... ( 保留部分), 词结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分.如: The boy played football on the street .
It was the boy who played on the street . ( 强调主语 )
It was football that the boy played on the street . ( 强调宾语)
It was on the street that the boy played football. ( 强调状语)
运用强调句型时应注意以下几个问题:
1) 当被强调的句子是过去时,强调句型中用 was ,被强调的句子是现在时, 强调句型用is
2)但强调的部分是人时,强调句型中用 who , 其他情况用 that
3) 但强调谓语动词时 ,用 " do " 动词. 例如: He did finished his homework .
他确实完成了作业 .
练习题
强调划线部分
1. I read this book- report only last Saturday .
2. I happened not to be in London at that time .
3. Master Wu taught us how to run the machine .
4.I seem to have heard of the name .
5.He joined the army three years ago.
答案
1.It was this book-report that I read only last Saturday .
2. It wasat that time that I happened not to be in London .
3. It was Master Wu who taught us how to run the machine .
4. It is the name that I seem to have heard of .
5.It was three years ago that I joined that army .
四、否定句
否定句从否定的位置上分为主语的否定,谓语的否定和宾语的否定.例如:
Nobody can do such a thing . (主语的否定 , 意思为: 没有人能做出这样的事情来.)
I can't remember his telephone number. (谓语的否定, 意思为:我不能记起他的电话号码.)
He told me nothing . ( 宾语的否定, 意思为: 他什么也没告诉我.)
否定句从意义上分为:部分否定和全部否定. 例如:
All the girls don't like bright colours .
(部分否定.意思为; 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色.)
= Not all the girls like bright colours . ( 意思同上)
None of the girls like bright colours .
( 全部否定,意思为:没有一个女孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色)
运用 否定句应注意的几个问题:
1) 否定主语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , no one , none ,no, little , few
2)否定谓语的否定词有: not , never , hardly ,scarcely ,seldom
3)否定宾语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , none , no , little, few
4) 当主语是 anything , anybody 时, 谓语动词不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定. 如: Anybody can't live without air . (错误)
Nobody can live without air . ( 正确)
5) 部分否定与相应的全部否定
部分否定 全部否定
all ...not = not all none
both... not = not both neither
everything...not=not everything nothing
everyone ...not=not everyone no one
6) no 与not 的区别
no是形容词,not 是副词 . no放在名词之前,not 与动词连用.
I have no orange . ( 我没有桔汁.)
I do not have any orange .( 我没有桔 汁.)
练习题
I. 变为否定句
1. He reads English every morning .
2.They can swim across the river .
3. We have practised the pattens many times.
4. It is necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have some bread to eat .
6. They are playing basketball.
7. The teachers will go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls wore the skirts yesterday .
9.I think that he is right .
10.Come to the party early .
答案
1. He doesn't read English every morning .
2.They can not swim across the river .
3. We have not practised the pattens many times.
4. It is not necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have not any bread to eat .
6. They are not playing basketball.
7. The teachers will not go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls didn't wear the skirts yesterday .
9.I don't think that he is right .
10. Don't come to the party early .
II. 把下列各句变成全部否定
1. Both of the brothers work as farmers .
2. All of them are studying hard .
3. Either of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace somewhere.
5. Everything is ready .
答案
1.Neither of the brothers works as farmers .
2. None of them are studying hard .
3.Neither of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace nowhere.
5.Nothing is ready .
III. 根据汉语完成句子
1. It is too dangerous _______ . ( 横穿马路）
2 . He is _____ fool . ( 绝不傻）
3. We told him _______. (不要去那儿）
4. The old woman can ________ .( 几乎不能念书）
5.There is _______ in the bottle .( 没什么水）
答案
1.to cross the road
2. no
3. not to go there
4. hardly read
5. little water
综合练习题
I.按要求改写或完成下列各句
1. It depends on whether we have enough time . (强调划线部分）
2. The students have done everything for the meeting . ( 改为否定句）
3.Everyone knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .(改为全部否定）
4. I don't think he can climb up that tall tree ,_______ ? ( 完成反意疑问句）
5. Let's _______ time . ( 不浪费时间)
6. _____ away my dictionary .( 不要拿走)
7.He gave me the newspaper . (强调划线部分)
8.There are some computeres in the lab . (改为否定句)
9.I know all of them . ( 否定宾语)
10. He was at home at six o'clock . (强调划线部分)
答案
1.It was whether we have enough time that it depends on .
2. The students have done nothing for the meeting .
3.No one knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .
4. can he
5. not waste
6.Don't take
7.He did give me the newspaper.
8.There are any computers in the lab .
9.I know none of them .
10.It was at six o'clock that he was at home .
II. 翻译下列句子(英译汉)
1. Be sure to lock the door before you leave the room .
2.Take care not to leave anything behind .
3.How beautiful the flowers look in the vase !
4.She can't be in the dormitory now , can she ?
5.You didn't go to the show that night , did you ?
No, I didn't .
6.It is she who has made much progress .
7. Tom did say that he would telephone us about it .
8.All the workers are not building the bridge .
9.The problem is so difficult that few has worked it out .
10. Not both of them should be punished .
答案
1. 离开房间之前一定要锁好门.
2. 当心不要丢下什么东西.
3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!
4.她现在不可能在宿舍,对吗?
5.你那天没有去展览会,对吗?
对,我没去.
6.是她取得了很大的进步.
7.汤姆确实说这事儿要打电话给我们.
8.并不是所有的工人都在建桥.
9.这个问题如此难以至于每几个人做出来.
10.并不是它们两个都该受到惩罚.
III .翻译下列句子(汉译英)
1. 杯子里没什么水，是吧？
2. 他很少按时到家，对吧？
3. 一定要写信给我，好吗？
4. 你没有完成作业，对吗？ 不，我完成了作业。
5. 我认为他不认真 ，对吗？
6. 就是在街上我找到了汤姆。
7.他们两个人都不喜欢看电影。
8. 医生让我不要抽烟。
9. 我们去教室好吗？
10. 你递给我一杯水好吗？
答案
1.There is little waterin the cup , is there ?
2. He seldom comes back on time , does he ?
3. Be sure to write to me ,will you ?
4.You haven't finished you homework ,have you ?
Yes, I have .
5.I don't suppose he is serious , is he ?
6.It was in the street that I found Tom .
7.Neither of them likes seeing films .
8. The doctor asked me not to smoke .
9. Shall we go to the classroom ?
10. Will you pass me a cup of water ? 祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。
1含有第二人称主语的祈使句
Be careful！小心！
Don''t make such a noise.不要这么吵。
1.肯定的祈使句
a.句型：动词原形～.（省略主语）
Stand up.起立。
Be quiet，please.请安静。
b.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do
Do sit down.
务必请坐。
Do study hard.
一定要努力学习。
比较
祈使句和陈述句陈述句：
You sit down.
你坐下来。
祈使句：
Sit down.坐下
（省略主语you）
c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。
Go this way，please.
请这边走。
d.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming，come here.
李明，过来。
Come here，Li Ming.
过来，李明。
2.否定的祈使句
句型：Don''t +动词原形～
Don''t swim in the river.
别在河里游泳。
Don''t be late.别迟到。
Please don''t be noisy.
请不要大声喧哗。
注意
表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。
No smoking.
禁止吸烟。
No parking.
禁止停车。
句型转换
祈使句与陈述句的改写
1．祈使句=You must …（陈述句）
Come here .过来。
=You must come here .
你必须过来。
Don''t do that again.
你一定不可以再那样做了。
2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?（陈述句）
Please help me .请帮帮我。
=Will you (please) help me?
你愿意帮我的忙吗？
Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。
=Will you (please) come here on time ?
请你准时到好吗？
2含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句
Let''s say good-by here.
我们在此道别吧。
Don''t let him do that again.
别让他再那么做了。
1.肯定的祈使句
句型：·Let+第一人称（me，us）～.
·Let+第三人称代词（宾格：him，her，it，them）或名词～.
Let''s go at once.
咱们马上动身吧。
Let me try again.
让我再试试。
Let Tom go there himself.
让汤姆自己去那儿。
注意
Let''s包括对方，Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。
Let''s go，shall we？
咱们去吧，怎么样？
Let us go，will you？
让我们去吧，行吗？
（征求对方的意见）
2.否定的祈使句
句型：·Let''s（us，me）+not +动词原形～.
·Don''t let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.
Let''s not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。
Don''t let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
句型转换
祈使句有时相当一个if引导的条件状语从句。
祈使句：Use your head and you''ll find a way.
条件句：If you use your head，you''ll find a way.
如果你动动脑筋，你就会找到方法。
注意
回答Let''s～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let''s.否定时用NO，let''s not.
祈使句变反意疑问句的方法：
祈使句后的反意疑问句形式
a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)
b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you .
Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )
c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.
如:Have a rest , will you
Stand up , will (won't) you
一、 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需要得到回答.
反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分 和疑问部分 (疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分用逗号隔开.
反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如 :
You are a student , aren't you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
You are not a student, are you ? 你不是学生,对吗?
应当注意反意疑问句的答语, 与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句. 例如: -----You are a student, are you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
----- Yes, I am . ( No, I am not ) 是的, 我是. (不是,我不是 . )
------- You are not a student, are you ? 你不是一个学生,对吗?
------- No, I am not .( Yes, I am ) 对,我不是. ( 不对, 我是 . )
当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是 当主句有I ( don't) believe ( think , suppose , guess ... )疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的否定.例如: I don't think he will come , will he ? 我想他不会回来,对吧?
I think he can swim , can't he ? 我想他能游泳,对吧 ?
练习题
填词完成反意疑问句
1. He wouldn't wait in line the next day ,______ ?
2. She has been learning English , _________ ?
3. We can't take the books out ,________ ?
4. He has to go home on foot , ________ ?
5. You haven't had your lunch ________ ?
6.We have nothing to eat , ________ ?
7.They dislike the book ,________ ?
8. There used to be a post office in the street ,________ ?
9. He said that he would not go with us ,________ ?
10.We must hand in the exercises , ________ ?
11.You dare to jump off the wall ,________ ?
12. He made a few mistakes in his exercises , ________ ?
13 She must be a music lover ,________ ?
14.I suppose you know her address ,________ ?
15. I don't think you 're serious , ________ ?
16.Let us do the jobs by ourselves ,________ ?
17. -----He used not to smoke , usedn't he ?
----- _____,he used to . The doctor always tole him not to .
18. Do the homework by yourselves , ________ ?
19 Let's enter the hall ,________ ?
20 .You must have seen him yesterday ,________ ?
答案
1. would he 2.hasn't she 3.can we 4.doesn't he 5.have you 6.have we 7.don't they 8. usedn't there 9.didn't he 10.mustn't we 11.don' t you 12.didn't he 13.isn't she 14.don't you 15.are you 16.will you 17.Yes 18.will you 19.will you 20.didn't
二、祁使句
祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English .
2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ?
4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ?
5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6）带呼语的祈使句 ， 如： Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7）不让对方做某事, 英语用 " Don't " . 例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话.
Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
练习题
翻译下列各句
1.咱们一起玩吧!
2.请不要迟到.
3.回答这个问题.
4.我来打开窗户好吗?
5.你和我们一起去好吗?
答案
1. Let's play together!
2.Don't be late.
3.Answer this question.
4.Shall I open the window ?
5.Will you go with us ?
三、强调句
强调句式用来加强语气,强调结构为: It is ( was ) ...(强调部分) that ( who ) ... ( 保留部分), 词结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分.如: The boy played football on the street .
It was the boy who played on the street . ( 强调主语 )
It was football that the boy played on the street . ( 强调宾语)
It was on the street that the boy played football. ( 强调状语)
运用强调句型时应注意以下几个问题:
1) 当被强调的句子是过去时,强调句型中用 was ,被强调的句子是现在时, 强调句型用is
2)但强调的部分是人时,强调句型中用 who , 其他情况用 that
3) 但强调谓语动词时 ,用 " do " 动词. 例如: He did finished his homework .
他确实完成了作业 .
练习题
强调划线部分
1. I read this book- report only last Saturday .
2. I happened not to be in London at that time .
3. Master Wu taught us how to run the machine .
4.I seem to have heard of the name .
5.He joined the army three years ago.
答案
1.It was this book-report that I read only last Saturday .
2. It wasat that time that I happened not to be in London .
3. It was Master Wu who taught us how to run the machine .
4. It is the name that I seem to have heard of .
5.It was three years ago that I joined that army .
四、否定句
否定句从否定的位置上分为主语的否定,谓语的否定和宾语的否定.例如:
Nobody can do such a thing . (主语的否定 , 意思为: 没有人能做出这样的事情来.)
I can't remember his telephone number. (谓语的否定, 意思为:我不能记起他的电话号码.)
He told me nothing . ( 宾语的否定, 意思为: 他什么也没告诉我.)
否定句从意义上分为:部分否定和全部否定. 例如:
All the girls don't like bright colours .
(部分否定.意思为; 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色.)
= Not all the girls like bright colours . ( 意思同上)
None of the girls like bright colours .
( 全部否定,意思为:没有一个女孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色)
运用 否定句应注意的几个问题:
1) 否定主语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , no one , none ,no, little , few
2)否定谓语的否定词有: not , never , hardly ,scarcely ,seldom
3)否定宾语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , none , no , little, few
4) 当主语是 anything , anybody 时, 谓语动词不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定. 如: Anybody can't live without air . (错误)
Nobody can live without air . ( 正确)
5) 部分否定与相应的全部否定
部分否定 全部否定
all ...not = not all none
both... not = not both neither
everything...not=not everything nothing
everyone ...not=not everyone no one
6) no 与not 的区别
no是形容词,not 是副词 . no放在名词之前,not 与动词连用.
I have no orange . ( 我没有桔汁.)
I do not have any orange .( 我没有桔 汁.)
练习题
I. 变为否定句
1. He reads English every morning .
2.They can swim across the river .
3. We have practised the pattens many times.
4. It is necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have some bread to eat .
6. They are playing basketball.
7. The teachers will go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls wore the skirts yesterday .
9.I think that he is right .
10.Come to the party early .
答案
1. He doesn't read English every morning .
2.They can not swim across the river .
3. We have not practised the pattens many times.
4. It is not necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have not any bread to eat .
6. They are not playing basketball.
7. The teachers will not go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls didn't wear the skirts yesterday .
9.I don't think that he is right .
10. Don't come to the party early .
II. 把下列各句变成全部否定
1. Both of the brothers work as farmers .
2. All of them are studying hard .
3. Either of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace somewhere.
5. Everything is ready .
答案
1.Neither of the brothers works as farmers .
2. None of them are studying hard .
3.Neither of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace nowhere.
5.Nothing is ready .
III. 根据汉语完成句子
1. It is too dangerous _______ . ( 横穿马路）
2 . He is _____ fool . ( 绝不傻）
3. We told him _______. (不要去那儿）
4. The old woman can ________ .( 几乎不能念书）
5.There is _______ in the bottle .( 没什么水）
答案
1.to cross the road
2. no
3. not to go there
4. hardly read
5. little water
综合练习题
I.按要求改写或完成下列各句
1. It depends on whether we have enough time . (强调划线部分）
2. The students have done everything for the meeting . ( 改为否定句）
3.Everyone knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .(改为全部否定）
4. I don't think he can climb up that tall tree ,_______ ? ( 完成反意疑问句）
5. Let's _______ time . ( 不浪费时间)
6. _____ away my dictionary .( 不要拿走)
7.He gave me the newspaper . (强调划线部分)
8.There are some computeres in the lab . (改为否定句)
9.I know all of them . ( 否定宾语)
10. He was at home at six o'clock . (强调划线部分)
答案
1.It was whether we have enough time that it depends on .
2. The students have done nothing for the meeting .
3.No one knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .
4. can he
5. not waste
6.Don't take
7.He did give me the newspaper.
8.There are any computers in the lab .
9.I know none of them .
10.It was at six o'clock that he was at home .
II. 翻译下列句子(英译汉)
1. Be sure to lock the door before you leave the room .
2.Take care not to leave anything behind .
3.How beautiful the flowers look in the vase !
4.She can't be in the dormitory now , can she ?
5.You didn't go to the show that night , did you ?
No, I didn't .
6.It is she who has made much progress .
7. Tom did say that he would telephone us about it .
8.All the workers are not building the bridge .
9.The problem is so difficult that few has worked it out .
10. Not both of them should be punished .
答案
1. 离开房间之前一定要锁好门.
2. 当心不要丢下什么东西.
3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!
4.她现在不可能在宿舍,对吗?
5.你那天没有去展览会,对吗?
对,我没去.
6.是她取得了很大的进步.
7.汤姆确实说这事儿要打电话给我们.
8.并不是所有的工人都在建桥.
9.这个问题如此难以至于每几个人做出来.
10.并不是它们两个都该受到惩罚.
III .翻译下列句子(汉译英)
1. 杯子里没什么水，是吧？
2. 他很少按时到家，对吧？
3. 一定要写信给我，好吗？
4. 你没有完成作业，对吗？ 不，我完成了作业。
5. 我认为他不认真 ，对吗？
6. 就是在街上我找到了汤姆。
7.他们两个人都不喜欢看电影。
8. 医生让我不要抽烟。
9. 我们去教室好吗？
10. 你递给我一杯水好吗？
答案
1.There is little waterin the cup , is there ?
2. He seldom comes back on time , does he ?
3. Be sure to write to me ,will you ?
4.You haven't finished you homework ,have you ?
Yes, I have .
5.I don't suppose he is serious , is he ?
6.It was in the street that I found Tom .
7.Neither of them likes seeing films .
8. The doctor asked me not to smoke .
9. Shall we go to the classroom ?
10. Will you pass me a cup of water ?
一、 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需要得到回答.
反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分 和疑问部分 (疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分用逗号隔开.
反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如 :
You are a student , aren't you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
You are not a student, are you ? 你不是学生,对吗?
应当注意反意疑问句的答语, 与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句. 例如: -----You are a student, are you ? 你是个学生,对吗?
----- Yes, I am . ( No, I am not ) 是的, 我是. (不是,我不是 . )
------- You are not a student, are you ? 你不是一个学生,对吗?
------- No, I am not .( Yes, I am ) 对,我不是. ( 不对, 我是 . )
当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是 当主句有I ( don't) believe ( think , suppose , guess ... )疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的否定.例如: I don't think he will come , will he ? 我想他不会回来,对吧?
I think he can swim , can't he ? 我想他能游泳,对吧 ?
练习题
填词完成反意疑问句
1. He wouldn't wait in line the next day ,______ ?
2. She has been learning English , _________ ?
3. We can't take the books out ,________ ?
4. He has to go home on foot , ________ ?
5. You haven't had your lunch ________ ?
6.We have nothing to eat , ________ ?
7.They dislike the book ,________ ?
8. There used to be a post office in the street ,________ ?
9. He said that he would not go with us ,________ ?
10.We must hand in the exercises , ________ ?
11.You dare to jump off the wall ,________ ?
12. He made a few mistakes in his exercises , ________ ?
13 She must be a music lover ,________ ?
14.I suppose you know her address ,________ ?
15. I don't think you 're serious , ________ ?
16.Let us do the jobs by ourselves ,________ ?
17. -----He used not to smoke , usedn't he ?
----- _____,he used to . The doctor always tole him not to .
18. Do the homework by yourselves , ________ ?
19 Let's enter the hall ,________ ?
20 .You must have seen him yesterday ,________ ?
答案
1. would he 2.hasn't she 3.can we 4.doesn't he 5.have you 6.have we 7.don't they 8. usedn't there 9.didn't he 10.mustn't we 11.don' t you 12.didn't he 13.isn't she 14.don't you 15.are you 16.will you 17.Yes 18.will you 19.will you 20.didn't
二、祁使句
祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English .
2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ?
4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ?
5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6）带呼语的祈使句 ， 如： Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7）不让对方做某事, 英语用 " Don't " . 例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话.
Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
练习题
翻译下列各句
1.咱们一起玩吧!
2.请不要迟到.
3.回答这个问题.
4.我来打开窗户好吗?
5.你和我们一起去好吗?
答案
1. Let's play together!
2.Don't be late.
3.Answer this question.
4.Shall I open the window ?
5.Will you go with us ?
三、强调句
强调句式用来加强语气,强调结构为: It is ( was ) ...(强调部分) that ( who ) ... ( 保留部分), 词结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分.如: The boy played football on the street .
It was the boy who played on the street . ( 强调主语 )
It was football that the boy played on the street . ( 强调宾语)
It was on the street that the boy played football. ( 强调状语)
运用强调句型时应注意以下几个问题:
1) 当被强调的句子是过去时,强调句型中用 was ,被强调的句子是现在时, 强调句型用is
2)但强调的部分是人时,强调句型中用 who , 其他情况用 that
3) 但强调谓语动词时 ,用 " do " 动词. 例如: He did finished his homework .
他确实完成了作业 .
练习题
强调划线部分
1. I read this book- report only last Saturday .
2. I happened not to be in London at that time .
3. Master Wu taught us how to run the machine .
4.I seem to have heard of the name .
5.He joined the army three years ago.
答案
1.It was this book-report that I read only last Saturday .
2. It wasat that time that I happened not to be in London .
3. It was Master Wu who taught us how to run the machine .
4. It is the name that I seem to have heard of .
5.It was three years ago that I joined that army .
四、否定句
否定句从否定的位置上分为主语的否定,谓语的否定和宾语的否定.例如:
Nobody can do such a thing . (主语的否定 , 意思为: 没有人能做出这样的事情来.)
I can't remember his telephone number. (谓语的否定, 意思为:我不能记起他的电话号码.)
He told me nothing . ( 宾语的否定, 意思为: 他什么也没告诉我.)
否定句从意义上分为:部分否定和全部否定. 例如:
All the girls don't like bright colours .
(部分否定.意思为; 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色.)
= Not all the girls like bright colours . ( 意思同上)
None of the girls like bright colours .
( 全部否定,意思为:没有一个女孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色)
运用 否定句应注意的几个问题:
1) 否定主语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , no one , none ,no, little , few
2)否定谓语的否定词有: not , never , hardly ,scarcely ,seldom
3)否定宾语的否定词有: nothing , nobody , none , no , little, few
4) 当主语是 anything , anybody 时, 谓语动词不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定. 如: Anybody can't live without air . (错误)
Nobody can live without air . ( 正确)
5) 部分否定与相应的全部否定
部分否定 全部否定
all ...not = not all none
both... not = not both neither
everything...not=not everything nothing
everyone ...not=not everyone no one
6) no 与not 的区别
no是形容词,not 是副词 . no放在名词之前,not 与动词连用.
I have no orange . ( 我没有桔汁.)
I do not have any orange .( 我没有桔 汁.)
练习题
I. 变为否定句
1. He reads English every morning .
2.They can swim across the river .
3. We have practised the pattens many times.
4. It is necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have some bread to eat .
6. They are playing basketball.
7. The teachers will go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls wore the skirts yesterday .
9.I think that he is right .
10.Come to the party early .
答案
1. He doesn't read English every morning .
2.They can not swim across the river .
3. We have not practised the pattens many times.
4. It is not necessary for him to improve his handwriting .
5.I have not any bread to eat .
6. They are not playing basketball.
7. The teachers will not go to a meeting tomorrow .
8. The girls didn't wear the skirts yesterday .
9.I don't think that he is right .
10. Don't come to the party early .
II. 把下列各句变成全部否定
1. Both of the brothers work as farmers .
2. All of them are studying hard .
3. Either of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace somewhere.
5. Everything is ready .
答案
1.Neither of the brothers works as farmers .
2. None of them are studying hard .
3.Neither of them can lift the heavy box .
4.I can find the lost necklace nowhere.
5.Nothing is ready .
III. 根据汉语完成句子
1. It is too dangerous _______ . ( 横穿马路）
2 . He is _____ fool . ( 绝不傻）
3. We told him _______. (不要去那儿）
4. The old woman can ________ .( 几乎不能念书）
5.There is _______ in the bottle .( 没什么水）
答案
1.to cross the road
2. no
3. not to go there
4. hardly read
5. little water
综合练习题
I.按要求改写或完成下列各句
1. It depends on whether we have enough time . (强调划线部分）
2. The students have done everything for the meeting . ( 改为否定句）
3.Everyone knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .(改为全部否定）
4. I don't think he can climb up that tall tree ,_______ ? ( 完成反意疑问句）
5. Let's _______ time . ( 不浪费时间)
6. _____ away my dictionary .( 不要拿走)
7.He gave me the newspaper . (强调划线部分)
8.There are some computeres in the lab . (改为否定句)
9.I know all of them . ( 否定宾语)
10. He was at home at six o'clock . (强调划线部分)
答案
1.It was whether we have enough time that it depends on .
2. The students have done nothing for the meeting .
3.No one knows the sports meet will be held tomorrow .
4. can he
5. not waste
6.Don't take
7.He did give me the newspaper.
8.There are any computers in the lab .
9.I know none of them .
10.It was at six o'clock that he was at home .
II. 翻译下列句子(英译汉)
1. Be sure to lock the door before you leave the room .
2.Take care not to leave anything behind .
3.How beautiful the flowers look in the vase !
4.She can't be in the dormitory now , can she ?
5.You didn't go to the show that night , did you ?
No, I didn't .
6.It is she who has made much progress .
7. Tom did say that he would telephone us about it .
8.All the workers are not building the bridge .
9.The problem is so difficult that few has worked it out .
10. Not both of them should be punished .
答案
1. 离开房间之前一定要锁好门.
2. 当心不要丢下什么东西.
3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!
4.她现在不可能在宿舍,对吗?
5.你那天没有去展览会,对吗?
对,我没去.
6.是她取得了很大的进步.
7.汤姆确实说这事儿要打电话给我们.
8.并不是所有的工人都在建桥.
9.这个问题如此难以至于每几个人做出来.
10.并不是它们两个都该受到惩罚.
III .翻译下列句子(汉译英)
1. 杯子里没什么水，是吧？
2. 他很少按时到家，对吧？
3. 一定要写信给我，好吗？
的
祈使句，用动词原形，shut。窗户的状态是破了的，现在的状态。所以选A
